Wire EDM (Wire Cut Electrical Discharge Machining) machines, belonging to the field of electrical discharge machining, mainly consist of three parts: the machine tool, a CNC system, and a high-frequency power supply. The CNC system comprises a microcontroller, a keyboard, and a frequency conversion detection system, and has key functions such as gap compensation, linear interpolation, circular interpolation, and automatic wire breakage handling. It can cut materials such as high-strength, high-toughness, high-hardness, high-brittleness, and magnetic materials, as well as precision, small, and complex-shaped parts. Based on wire feed speed, they can be mainly divided into two types: unidirectional wire feed (low-speed wire feed) and reciprocating wire feed (high-speed wire feed). Reciprocating wire EDM machines are a unique technology category in China, and based on this, "medium-speed" machine tools with multiple-cutting capabilities have been developed.
Currently, wire EDM technology is developing towards intelligence, high-end features, and green technology. Modern wire EDM machines employ advanced intelligent pulse power supplies, high-precision linear motors and closed-loop control systems with grating rulers, thermal deformation compensation technology, and extensive process databases and intelligent expert systems to achieve higher machining accuracy, surface quality, and automation levels. For example, integrated AI technology enables one-click intelligent optimization of machining parameters and multi-pass planning. Automatic wire threading systems, seven-axis six-linkage control, and large-taper cutting are now common features in high-end models, significantly improving the ability to process complex workpieces and enhancing equipment stability. Their applications are wide-ranging, covering aerospace, automotive, electronics and communications, precision molds, medical devices, and the precision machining of special materials such as cemented carbide and semiconductor materials.